Day-ahead forecast — deviation from actual

Bidding zone

Solar — Forecast deviation

Δ = day-ahead forecast minus measured PV feed-in. Suspicious hours (gaps, extreme Δ) are set to 0.

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Wind — Forecast deviation (Onshore + Offshore)

Sum of day-ahead wind forecasts minus measured total wind output. Suspicious hours → Δ = 0.

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Renewables (Solar + Wind) — Forecast deviation

Sum of day-ahead solar and wind forecasts minus actual output. Suspicious hours (gaps, |Δ| > 15 GW) → 0 MW.

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